Pneumonia Diagnosis

For pneumonia that suspected on the basis of a patient's symptoms and findings from physical examination, further investigations are needed to confirm the pneumonia diagnosis. To help getting more helpful information doctor may get it from a chest X-ray and blood tests, and sputum cultures in some cases.

Tuberculosis Risk Factors

Tuberculosis is a common deadly infectious disease. If it's left untreated, tuberculosis will kills more than half of its victims. People who at risk of tuberculosis are:

• Immune system
  People with lower immune system has a higher risk in getting tuberculosis, includes those who consume immunosuppressive drugs or have AIDS. 
• Substance abuse
  Those who using drugs or alcohol for a long period may weaken their immune system and its make the easier getting tuberculosis
• Contact with someone who have tuberculosis

Lung Cancer Diagnosis

Lung cancer is the leading way in cancer death related in men and women. More than one million death worldwide caused by lung cancer every year. The most common symptoms are shortness of breath, coughing (including coughing up blood), and weight loss. However, when lung cancer symptoms shows its already in advance stage.

Usually those who found that they have lung cancer when they do medical check up.Lung cancer is often seen on chest x-ray and CT scan. The diagnosis is confirmed with a biopsy. This is usually performed via bronchoscopy or CT-guided biopsy.

Other Pneumonia Types

There are other pneumonia types:

• Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
  SARS is a highly contagious and deadly type of pneumonia which first occurred in 2002 after initial outbreaks in China. SARS is caused by the SARS coronavirus, a previously unknown pathogen.
• Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP)
  BOOP is caused by inflammation of the small airways of the lungs. It is also known as cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis (COP).
• Eosinophilic pneumonia

Pneumonia Early Classification

Pneumonia can be classified into four main types due to anatomic and/or pathologic appearance of the lung, either its diagnosed by direct inspection at autopsy or by it's appearance under a microscope:

1. A lobar pneumonia is an infection that only involves a single lobe, or section, of a lung. Lobar pneumonia is often due to Streptococcus pneumoniae (though Klebsiella pneumoniae is also possible.)
2. Multilobar pneumonia involves more than one lobe, and it often causes a more severe illness.
   

Pneumonia Types & Classification

Pneumonia types can be classified in several ways;

1. Early Classification Pneumonia
• Pathology classification
  Initial descriptions of pneumonia focused on the anatomic or pathologic appearance of the lung, either by direct inspection at autopsy or by its appearance under a microscope. 
• Microbiology classification
  This classification arose when pneumonia know is caused by microorganism.
• Radiology classification

Emphysema Types classification

Emphysema can be classified by its color (primary and secondary), but emphysema is commonly classified by its location.

Emphysema can be subdivided into panacinary and centroacinary (or panacinar and centriacinar, or centrilobular and panlobular).

• Panacinar emphysema (also called panlobular emphysema)
  This emphysema type is related to the destruction of alveoli, because of an inflammation or deficiency of alpha 1-antitrypsin. Panacinar emphysema commonly found in young adults who do not have chronic bronchitis. Panacinar emphysema occurs more commonly in the lower lobes, especially basal segments, and anterior margins of the lungs.

Acute Bronchitis and Chronic Bronchitis

Bronchitis classified into two categories:

Acute bronchitis

Acute bronchitis is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that generally follows an upper respiratory tract infection. As a result of this viral (most common) or bacterial infection, the airways become inflamed and irritated.

Characterized by the development of a cough, with or without the production of sputum, mucus that is expectorated (coughed up) from the respiratory tract. Acute bronchitis often occurs during the course of an acute viral illness such as the common cold or influenza. Viruses cause about 90% of cases of acute bronchitis while bacteria account for less than 10%.

Bronchitis Symptoms - Bronchitis Signs

Bronchitis Symptoms and bronchitis signs:

• Cough
  The most common bronchitis symptoms is cough. The cough may be dry or may produce mucus, either clear or white or thick yellow-grey mucus, although this doesn't always happen. The cough may last for several weeks after other bronchitis symptoms have gone and this may make your chest and abdominal muscles sore. Coughing can be severe enough at times to injure the chest wall or even cause you to pass out.

Bronchitis causes

Bronchitis is an inflammation or obstruction of the bronchi, the larger airways that eventually branch out to become the bronchioles (the site of asthma). It resembles asthma in some ways.

Bronchitis mostly occurs during the cold and flu season, usually coupled with an upper respiratory infection.

• Viruses
  Several viruses cause bronchitis, including influenza A and B, commonly referred to as "the flu."
• Bacteria
  Bacteria that can cause bronchitis is a bacteria called Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which causes so-called walking pneumonia, also bacteria called Klebsiella, Haemophilus.

Emphysema Symptoms and Signs

People with emphysema, the lung tissues necessary to support the physical shape and function of the lung are destroyed. It is included in a group of diseases called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD (pulmonary refers to the lungs). Emphysema is called an obstructive lung disease because the destruction of lung tissue around smaller airways, called alveoli, makes these airways unable to hold their functional shape upon exhalation.

Asthma Causes - Asthma Risk Factor

Factors that influence the risk of asthma can be divided into those that cause the development of asthma and those that trigger asthma symptoms or both of them. Research shows that asthma is caused by environmental and genetics factors. Some environmental and genetic factors have been confirmed by further research, while others have not been.

Tuberculosis Cause

Tuberculosis mainly caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Most of tuberculosis patients are get their illness from another patient. The tuberculosis bacteria spread from person to person through microscopic droplets released into the air. It can happen if someone with tuberculosis coughs, speaks or sneezes. Rarely, a pregnant woman with active TB may pass the bacteria to her unborn child.

Although tuberculosis is contagious, it's not especially easy to catch. You're much more likely to get tuberculosis from a family member or close co-worker than from a stranger. Most people with active TB who've had appropriate drug treatment for at least two weeks are no longer contagious.

Tuberculosis Symptoms

People who had tuberculosis may not notice any symptoms of illness until this lung disease in quite advanced. Even then these are tuberculosis symptoms that may shows:

• loss of weight,
• coughing up blood,
• loss of energy,
• poor appetite,
• fever,
• a productive cough for more than 3 weeks,
• and night sweats
  

Pneumonia Symptoms

Pneumonia symptoms need immediate medical evaluation. Physical examination by a health care provider may reveal fever or sometimes low body temperature, an increased respiratory rate, low blood pressure, a high heart rate, or a low oxygen saturation, which is the amount of oxygen in the blood as indicated by either pulse oximetry or blood gas analysis. People who are struggling to breathe, who are confused, or who have cyanosis (blue-tinged skin) require immediate attention.

Pneumonia symptoms can come so suddenly, this kind of pneumonia usually caused by bacteria or people younger than 65. Pneumonia symptoms include:

Asthma Symptoms

Asthma is a serious global health problem. People of all ages in countries throughout the world are affected by this chronic lung disease, when uncontrolled, can place severe limits on daily life and is sometimes fatal. The prevalence of asthma is increasing in most countries, especially among children. Asthma is a significant burden, not only in terms of health care costs but also of lost productivity and reduced participation in family life.

Asthma type can also divide from its symptoms whether the symptoms are precipitated by allergens (atopic) or not (non-atopic). Asthma symptoms may vary depend on its severity, there are asthma common symptoms that most patient more likely had. But, not all asthma patient has all of those symptoms.

Lung Disease; Bronchitis

Bronchitis is one of common lung disease and one of most common lung disease that occur in upper respiratory tract infection. There are two kind of bronchitis, acute and chronic, each of which has unique etiologies, pathologies, and therapies.

1. Acute bronchitis
   It is characterized by the development of a cough, with or without the production of sputum, mucus that is expectorated (coughed up) from the respiratory tract. Acute bronchitis often occurs during the course of an acute viral illness such as the common cold or influenza. Viruses cause about 90% of cases of acute bronchitis while bacteria account for less than 10%.
   

Lung Disease; Pneumonia

Pneumonia is an infection of the lung, caused by bacteria, viruses or fungi

Pneumonia is a common illness among lung disease that occurs in all age. Pneumonia is a leading cause of death among the elderly and people who are chronically and terminally ill. Additionally, it is the leading cause of death in children under five years old worldwide. Pneumonia has caused death to more than 50,000 American each year.

Lung Disease; Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis or TB (short for Tubercles Bacillus) is a common and often deadly infectious disease caused by mycobacteria, usually Mycobacterium tuberculosis in humans.  Tuberculosis usually attacks the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the air, when people who have the disease cough, sneeze, or spit. Most infections in humans result in an asymptomatic, latent infection, and about one in ten latent infections eventually progresses to active disease, which, if left untreated, kills more than 50% of its victims.

Asthma

Asthma is a lung disease that one of the most common chronic disease worldwide. Asthma patient keep increasing each year and mostly among children. During WHO, asthma costs more than HIV and tuberculosis combined.*

Asthma has caused 4,000 death in USA each year, and there are 300 million people diagnosed with asthma worldwide. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role.

Lung Disease; Emphysema

Emphysema is a chronic respiratory that caused an enlargement of the air spaces in the lung, causing a decrease in lung function, and often, breathlessness.

Those who had emphysema, their lung need to support the physical shape and function of the lung are destroyed. It is included in a group of diseases called chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD (pulmonary refers to the lungs). Emphysema is called an obstructive lung disease because the destruction of lung tissue around smaller airways, called alveoli, makes these airways unable to hold their functional shape upon exhalation.

Lung Disease

There are a lot of lung disease out there, since our surrounding can be the cause of one of lung disease, such as smoke, radon, etc. These are things that we meet daily and almost in everyplace, however, lung disease cause can be come from our own family (genetic), that we cannot avoid it. Some of lung disease are really hard to detect its symptoms since, their symptoms more likely shows when these lung disease already in advance stage. All of this can occur since our lung has 'overbuilt' characteristic, its mean our lung can extent more and have a tremendous reserve volume as compared to the oxygen exchange requirements when at rest.

This is the reason that people can smoke for years without having a noticeable decrease in lung function, and noticeable lung disease. Lung cancer is one of lung disease that kills many people due to its symptoms that shows when its too late.