Lung Cancer Risk Factor - Previous Lung Disease

For someone who in their life has lung disease at least once, the risk in getting lung cancer is increased slightly. The lung diseases that use for study case are emphysema, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, asthma, pleurisy and tuberculosis. And this is the result from lung cancer risk from previous lung disease.

In these studies, the researcher has provided evidence for increased risk of lung cancer following bronchitis and emphysema and also possibly asthma and tuberculosis. However, most of the studies have been carried out in females and may not be generalize to males. Nevertheless, early studies provided some evidence for increased risk of lung cancer mortality following asthma in males but not females. Despite adjustment for smoking, differing odds ratios have been observed between smokers and non-smokers. The effect of diet, environmental tobacco smoke, time between diagnosis of lung disease and lung cancer, and the lung cancer cell type also need to be more fully examined.

Reference	Odds ratio adjustment	Disease
		Asthma	Bronchitis	Emphysema	Pneumonia	Pleurisy	Tuberculosis
Brownson et al, 2000	Age, smoking	1.1 (0.7–1.7)	1.7 (1.2–2.3)	2.7 (1.8–4.2)	1.6 (1.2–2.0)	1.1 (0.8–1.5)	0.9 (0.4–2.2)
Mayne et al, 1999	Age, smoking	2.0 (1.0–4.1)	1.7 (1.1–2.6)	1.9 (1.1–3.4)	-	-	-
Alavanja et al, 1992	Age, smoking	1.3 (0.8–2.1)	0.9 (0.6–1.3)	2.6 (1.5–4.7)	1.2 (1.0–1.6)	0.9 (0.7–1.3)	2.0 (1.0–4.1)
Wu et al, 1995 *	Age, area, ethnicity, education	1.7 (1.1–2.5)	1.6 (1.1–2.4)	2.6 (1.0–6.8)	1.4 (1.0–1.8)	1.3 (0.9–1.9)	1.6 (0.9–2.9)
Samet et al, 1985	Age, sex, ethnicity, smoking	-	1.7 (1.2–2.5)	1.6 (1.1–2.4)	-	-	1.4 (0.7–2.9)
Wu et al, 1988 **	Age, smoking	1.0 (0.5–2.1)	1.2 (0.8–1.8)	1.9 (0.6–6.5)	1.4 (0.9–2.1)	1.4 (0.9–2.4)	10.0 (1.1–90.1)
Wu-Williams et al, 1985	Age, education, smoking, study area	-	1.4 (1.2–1.8)	-	2.1	-	1.3 (0.9–1.7)
Hinds et al, 1981	Age, smoking, ethnic group	-	-	-	-	-	1.6 (0.6–4.3)

* No adjustment for smoking as study on ‘non-smokers’ only, defined as persons who had smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes and had not used any other form of tobacco for more than six months

** Study involved adenocarcinoma only

Source:

Robinette CD, Fraumeni JFJ. Asthma and Subsequent Mortality in World War II Veterans. J Chronic Dis 1978; 31(9–10): 619–24.36. Reynolds P, Kaplan GA. Asthma and Cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1987; 125(3): 539–40.

Mayne ST, Buenconsejo J, Janerich DT. Previous Lung Disease and Risk of Lung Cancer Among Men and Women Nonsmokers. Am J Epidemiol 1999; 149(1): 13–20.

Wu AH, Fontham ET, Reynolds P, Greenberg RS, Buffler P, Liff J, Boyd P, Henderson

BE, Correa P. Previous Lung Disease and Risk of Lung Cancer Among Lifetime Nonsmoking Women in the United States. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 141(11): 1023–32.

Brownson RC, Alavanja MC. Previous Lung Disease and Lung Cancer Risk Among Women (United States). Cancer Causes Control 2000; 11(9): 853–8.

Alavanja MC, Brownson RC, Boice JDJ, Hock E. Preexisting Lung Disease and Lung Cancer Among Nonsmoking Women. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 136(6): 623–32.

Samet JM, Skipper BJ, Humble CG, Pathak DR. Lung cancer risk and vitamin A consumption in New Mexico. 131(2), 198–202. 1985. American Review of Respiratory Disease 1985.

Wu AH, Yu MC, Thomas DC, Pike MC, Henderson BE. Personal and Family History of Lung Disease As Risk Factors for Adenocarcinoma of the Lung. Cancer Res 1988; 48(24 Pt 1): 7279–84.

Wu-Williams AH, Dai XD, Blot W, Xu ZY, Sun XW, Xiao HP, Stone BJ, Yu SF, Feng YP, Ershow AG. Lung Cancer Among Women in North-East China. Br J Cancer 1990; 62(6): 982–7.

Ward-Hinds M, Cohen H, Kolonel L. Tuberculosis and lung cancer risk in nonsmoking women. 125, 776–778. 1982. American Review of Respiratory Disease.

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