Emphysema Types classification

Emphysema can be classified by its color (primary and secondary), but emphysema is commonly classified by its location.

Emphysema can be subdivided into panacinary and centroacinary (or panacinar and centriacinar, or centrilobular and panlobular).

• Panacinar emphysema (also called panlobular emphysema)
  This emphysema type is related to the destruction of alveoli, because of an inflammation or deficiency of alpha 1-antitrypsin. Panacinar emphysema commonly found in young adults who do not have chronic bronchitis. Panacinar emphysema occurs more commonly in the lower lobes, especially basal segments, and anterior margins of the lungs.
• Centriacinar emphysema (also called centrilobular emphysema)
  Centriacinar emphysema occurs due to destruction of terminal bronchioli muchosis, or due to chronic bronchitis. People with centriacinar emphysema their respiratory bronchiole (proximal and central part of the acinus) is expanded. The distal acinus or alveoli are unchanged. Centriacinar emphysema occurs more commonly in the upper lobes. This is found mostly in elderly people with a long history of smoking or extreme cases of passive smoking.

Other types of emphysema include:

• Distal acinar
• Irregular
• Atrophic emphysema.
• Cullous emphysema single or multiple large cystic alveolar dilatation's of lung tissue.
• Congenital lobar emphysema over-inflation of a lung, usually in early life in one of the upper lobes, with respiratory distress.
• Hypoplastic emphysema pulmonary emphysema due to a developmental anomaly, with fewer and abnormally large alveoli.
• Infantile lobar emphysema congenital lobar e.
• Interlobular emphysema air in the septa between lung lobules.
• Interstitial emphysema air in the peribronchial and interstitial tissues of the lungs.
• Intestinal emphysema pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis.
• Mediastinal emphysema pneumomediastinum.
• Obstructive emphysema that associated with partial bronchial obstruction that interferes with exhalation.
• Panacinar emphysema , panlobular emphysema a type characterized by enlargement of air spaces throughout the acini.
• Pulmonary emphysema abnormal increase in size of lung air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles.
• Pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) a condition seen mostly in premature infants, in which air leaks from lung alveoli into interstitial spaces, often because of underlying lung disease or use of mechanical ventilation.
• Senile emphysema overdistention and stretching of lung tissues due to atrophic changes.
• Subcutaneous emphysema air or gas in subcutaneous tissues, usually caused by intrathoracic injury.
• Surgical emphysema subcutaneous emphysema following surgery.
• Vesicular emphysema panacinar e.
• Centrilobular Emphysema:
• Panacinar Emphysema in association with Centrilobular Emphysema:
• Familial Emphysema
• Coal Pneumoconiosis
• and a special type is congenital lobar emphysema (CLE).

Congenital lobar emphysema

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a results in overexpansion of a pulmonary lobe and resultant compression of the remaining lobes of the ipsilateral lung, and possibly also the contralateral lung. There is bronchial narrowing because of weakened or absent bronchial cartilage.

There may be congenital extrinsic compression, commonly by an abnormally large pulmonary artery. This causes malformation of bronchial cartilage, making them soft and collapsible.

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is potentially reversible, yet possibly life-threatening, causing respiratory distress in the neonate.

Main Article: Emphysema